Australia Le A Miphun Hna
Hi ṭhen ah hin Australia minung hlun nunkhan, Euro mi hmunhma serhning, 1901 Federation kalphung, state le territory, ram hmelchunhnak le cinkennak puai ni hna a tel.
Ṭhen 1 Caah Test Thil Thupi
- Aboriginal mi hna hi Euro mi an rat hlan kum 65,000+ lio in Australia ah an um cang.
- First Fleet hi Captain Arthur Phillip hruainak in January 26, 1788 ah an phak.
- Federation cu January 1, 1901 ah British colony 6 fonh in an tuah.
- Australia ah State 6 le Mainland Territory 2 an um. Canberra cu ram khuapi a si.
- Ram hmelchunhnak pangpar cu Golden Wattle a si; rawng pawng cu A Sen le A Suang a si.
- ANZAC Ni cu kum tin April 25 ah cinken a si.
1. Australia Miphun Hramthawk
Aboriginal le Torres Strait Islander mi hna cu Australia miphun hramthawk an si. Kum 65,000 lio in Australia ram ah an um cang caah vawlei ah a hmasa bik le a hmun zungzalmi minung nunphung ngeitu an si.
Aboriginal Nunphung Le Dreaming
Aboriginal nunphung cu vawlei, tiva le tlang he pehtlaihnak thukpi a ngei. "Dreaming" silole "Dreamtime" cu vawlei serning, thlarau thianghlim le mi le ram karlak pehtlaih ning phungpi a chimfaih.
Torres Strait Islander Mi Hna
Torres Strait Islander mi hna cu Queensland le Papua New Guinea karlak i a ummi hleikawng hna in an ratmi an si. An nunphung cu ti lei lawngtuan, tivak le thilnung kilvennak leikap a si.
2. Euro Mi Hmunhma Serning Le First Fleet
1770 ah Captain James Cook nih Australia chawnglam tiva kildang cazin la in British Crown caah a chimh. 1788 ah British Cozah nih New South Wales ah thonginn hmunhma a ser.
- First Fleet: January 26, 1788 ah Sydney Cove ah lawng 11 in thongthlak, raltuk mi le cozah hna hruaitu NSW Governor hmasa bik Captain Arthur Phillip sinah an phak.
- Miphun Hramthawk Hna Sinah A Thlenmi: Euro mi hmunhma ser hi miphun hramthawk hna caah lungdonghnak, hmunhma chanhlonak le natnak chia a tlun ter.
- Gold Rush (1851): Victoria le New South Wales i sui hmuhnak nih vawlei pumpi in mi tampi a hden, Australia miphun hna thazaang a pekchih.
3. Federation Le Commonwealth of Australia
1901 hlan ahcun Australia cu British colony hranhram pahra hrawng an si. Colony pakhat cio ah dan, palament, raltuknak le laksawng a ngei cio hna.
January 1, 1901 ah colony paruk cu ram khat ah an fonh: Commonwealth of Australia. Hi kumhriat hi Federation tiah auh a si. Ram thar cu Australia Constitution phungpi in a kal.
Sir Edmund Barton cu Australia Prime Minister hmasa bik a hung si. Australia cu constitutional monarchy le parliamentary democracy ram a hung si.
4. State, Territory Le Khuapi Hna
Australia ah state paruk le mainland territory hnih a um. Candidate paoh nih khuapi 8 hi cinkaih vek a hau.
| State / Territory | Khuapi | Hmuhkhawhmi Thil Thupi |
|---|---|---|
| New South Wales (NSW) | Sydney | State hlanbik le mibur tambik; Sydney Opera House & Harbour Bridge. |
| Victoria (VIC) | Melbourne | A zawn in state hmete bik; art le nunphung khuapi. |
| Queensland (QLD) | Brisbane | State a ngan pahnihnak; Great Barrier Reef umnak. |
| Western Australia (WA) | Perth | Vawlei a kau bik state; minera le thir laknak hmun |
| South Australia (SA) | Adelaide | Zu tuiṭha, puai le lo lei rianṭuan a lar |
| Tasmania (TAS) | Hobart | Bass Strait nih a ṭhenmi hleikawng state. |
| Australian Capital Territory (ACT) | Canberra | Ram khuapi; Federal Parliament le High Court umnak. |
| Northern Territory (NT) | Darwin | Tiriang hmun; Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park umnak. |
5. Official Ram Hmelchunhnak Le Puanzar
Australia Ram Puanzar
Union Jack (British chanchin hlun), Commonwealth Star hmaithum 7 (6 state, 1 territory caah), le Southern Cross (vawlei ntsam i a langmi arfi) telh a si.
Australia Aboriginal Puanzar
A ntsam (chunglei hnih) cu Aboriginal mi a hmuhsak; A sen (hnuai) cu vawlei sen a hmuhsak; A eng zung cu nika, nunnak pekhtu a si.
Torres Strait Islander Puanzar
Suang tlang hna cu vawlei a hmuhsak; Ti cu tiva; A ntsam cu mi; White Dhari cu zaksak ngeitu lu khuh a si; Arfi 5 ngam cu hleikawng le kalning a hmuhsak.
Commonwealth Coat of Arms
Commonwealth of Australia hmelchunhnak a si. State 6 hmelchunhnak shield i a tel, Kangaroo le Emu ram sa hna nih an dirh (hi sa hna hi hmanung lei ah an kal kho lo, hmailei kal hmuhsaktu a si).
Ram Pangpar Hmelchunhnak Le Rawng
Pangpar hmelchunhnak cu Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha) a si. Ram hmelchunhnak rawng pawng cu Green and Gold a si. Ram hlaute lungman cu Opal a si.
Ram Hla
"Advance Australia Fair" cu ram hla a si. 2021 ah phung 2nak cu "For we are young and free" timi cu miphun hramthawk hngalh in "For we are one and free" tiah thlen a si.
6. Puai Ni Thupi Hna
Australia Ni (January 26)
Sydney Cove ah 1788 kum i First Fleet an phak ni cinkennak a si. Tuna Australia miphun nunphung, miphun phunphun, le miphun hmuh puai cu ram pumpi puai ni ah hman a si.
ANZAC Ni (April 25)
1915 World War I lio ah Turkey ram Gallipoli ah Australia le New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) an phak ni hna cu hngilh loin an cinken. Hi ni hi raltuknak le remnak rian i a thi mi Australia miphun vialte upatnak ni a si.