Australia Cozah Le Dan
Australia cozah system hngalhthiam, Constitution huham, cozah tier 3, thuneihnak ṭawmhruai ning, le dan system kalning hngalh.
Ṭhen 3 Caah Test Thil Thupi
- Australia Constitution cu cozah hrampi serhtu dan cakuat a si.
- Constitution cu Referendum (Double Majority) lawngin thlen khawh a si.
- Australia Head of State cu King Charles III a si, Governor-General nih a aiawh.
- Head of Government cu Prime Minister a si.
- Cozah tlangpi 3 cu Federal, State/Territory, le Local (Council) an si.
- Dan ser dingmi cu Governor-General nih hming a thut hlan cu Bill tiah auh a si.
1. Australia Constitution Le Thlen Ning
Australia Constitution cu Federal Parliament serhtu le Australia cozah hruai ning phung a serhtu dan nganbik a si. January 1, 1901 ah hman a si.
Constitution Thlen Ning: Double Majority
Australia Constitution cu Parliament dan hramin thlen fawi a si lo. Referendum timi ram pumpi vote thlaknak lawngin thlen khawh a si. Awn nakhnga double majority hmuh a hau:
- Australia pumpi ah mipi 50% tam deuh vote.
- State 6 lakah state 4 hrawng mipi vote.
2. Head of State vs. Head of Government
Australia cu constitutional monarchy ram a si. Head of State le Head of Government hi i palh lo ding a thupi:
Head of State
King Charles III cu Australia bawi a si. UK ah a um caah Federal ah Governor-General, le State paruk cio ah Governors nih an aiawh. Governor-General cu politik party he an i pehtlai lo.
Head of Government
Prime Minister cu Australia Cozah hruaitu a si. Federal vote thlaknak ah House of Representatives ah seat tambik a hmuhmi party (silole coalition) hruaitu cu Prime Minister a si.
3. Separation of Powers
Mi pakhat hmanh thuneihnak lianpi ngeih ter lo dingah Constitution nih thuneihnak ṭhen hna pathum ah a ṭhen:
Legislative (Parliament)
Dan ser le thleng thuneihnak a ngei. King (Governor-General aiawh), Senate, le House of Representatives tel.
Executive (Cozah)
Dan hman ning le hrawk ning thuneihnak a ngei. Prime Minister, Cabinet Ministers, le departments tel.
Judiciary (Bialsungzung)
Dan fihfaih le hman thuneihnak a ngei. Bialsungzung bawi hna le High Court hruaitu tel.
4. Cozah Tier Pathum
Australia ah mipi thlan cozah tier 3 a um. Tier pakhat cio ah mipi rawi ding rianṭuan an ngei:
| Cozah Tier | Hruaitu / Bawi | Rian Thupi Hna |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Federal (Commonwealth) | Prime Minister / Federal Parliament | Raltuknak, ramleng pehtlaihnak, miphun thlen, chawmawknak, hlapiah, phaisa (Centrelink), tangka, cakuat rian. |
| 2. State & Territory | Premier (States) / Chief Minister (Territories) | Ram hospital & damnak, state sianginn, palik, motaw tlangpi, lawnglam, tlangpi lam, thingram, mei. |
| 3. Local (Councils / Shires) | Mayor silole Shire President / Councillors | Hmaiphuak lak, hmunhma lam, pangpar hmun, caukinn, sa cazin thlak, khuapi relning. |
5. Federal Parliament Le Dan Ser Ning
Canberra i Federal Parliament cu inn hnih (bicameral) a ngei:
House of Representatives (A Suang)
"Lower House" silole "People's House" zong tiah auh a si. MPs hna cu mibur zohin bialsung aiawh in an um. Hi inn ah seat tambik a hmuhmi party nih cozah an ser.
The Senate (A Sen)
"Upper House" silole "States' House" zong tiah auh a si. State 6 lakah mi 12 cio senaters thlan an si, territory paoh ah mi 2 cio (zapi ah senaters 76). Zohthlahnak inn a si.
Dan Thar Ser Ning Kalphung
6. Vote Thlak Dan Le Bialsungzung System
Secret Ballot Le Compulsory Voting
Australia mi kum 18 tling paoh vote thlak a hau. Vote hi secret ballot a si, nan vote hman a thup, aho hmanh na vote ning in langhter ter khawh a um lo.
Bialsungzung Le Palik Zalen
Bialsungzung bawi hna cu parliament le politik mi he an i pehtlai lo. Australia High Court cu bialsungzung nganbik le Constitution fihfaihtu a si. Palik nih dan an hrampi, thiamlo tuanbia a rel lo.